Endotoxin neutralization by lactoferricin-derived antimicrobial peptides

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), if released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria during blood stream infections, is causative for sepsis and septic shock syndrome, and thus is denominated endotoxin. Septic shock is characterized by an massive activation of human immune cells by LPS to produce proinflammatory cytokines leading to an overbording systemic response of the immune system and claims 60.000 death annually in Germany particularly in intensive care units. Mortality is extremely high since antibiotic therapy may even enhance the liberation of LPS and no specific therapy to prevent its immune stimulatory function is available.